Mount St. Helens :: Nature Volcanoes Eruptions Essays

Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens is an active stratovalcano in Skamania County, Washington, in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located 96 miles south of Seattle and 53 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. The mountain is part of the Cascade Range. It is most famous for a catastrophic eruption on May 18, 1980. That eruption was the most deadly and economically destructive volcanic eruption in the history of the United States. 57 people were killed, and 200 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles (24 km) of railways and 185 miles (300 km) of highway were destroyed. The eruption blew the top of the mountain off, reducing its summit from 9,677 feet to 8,364 feet in elevation and replacing it with a mile-wide horeshoeshaped crater. Like most of the other volcanoes in the Cascade Range, St. Helens is a great cone of rubble, consisting of lava rock interlayered with ash, pumice and other deposits. Volcanic cones of this internal structure are called composite cones or stratovolcanoes. Mount St. Helens includes layers of basalt and andesite through which several domes of dacite lava have erupted. The largest of the dacite domes formed the previous summit; another formed Goat Rocks dome on the northern flank. These were destroyed in St. Helens' 1980 eruption. The first recorded sighting of Mount St. Helens by Europeans was by Royal Navy Commander George Vancouver and the officers of HMS Discovery on May 19, 1792, while they were surveying the northern Pacific Ocean coast from 1792 to 1794. Vancouver named the mountain for British diplomat Alleyne Fitzherbert, Baron St. Helens on October 20, 1792. According to geological evidence, St. Helens started growth 37,600 years ago with dacite and andesite eruptions of pumice and ash. Mudflows were very significant forces in all of St. Helens' eruptive cycles. Starting around 2500 BC eruptions of large amounts of ash and yellowish-brown pumice covered thousands of square miles. This eruptive cycle lasted until about 1600 BC. After 400 years of inactivity, St. Helens came alive again around 1200 BC. This cycle, which lasted until about 800 BC, is characterized by smaller volume eruptions. Mt. Saint Helens woke up on March 20, 1980, with a Richter magnitude 4 earthquake. Steam venting started on March 27. By the end of April, the north side of the mountain started to bulge.

Nick’s Story

A. Which symptoms that Nick has described so far are relevant to the nervous system? Are his symptoms sensory, motor, or both? Nick has complained of burning and prickly pain in feet, clumsiness, dizziness when sitting or standing, and vision problems. These are symptoms of both sensory and motor nerve damage. B. Do you think the symptoms Nick describes are likely caused by peripheral nerve damage? Could they be caused by damage to the central nervous system? I believe there has been peripheral nerve damage because of the symptoms that he exhibits.It seems that his receptors are not effectively communicating back to the central nervous system; in addition he is losing his somatic reflexes in his feet, both indicating damage to his somatic nervous system. I guess there could be damage to the central nervous system, but I would expect that the symptoms would be even more severe. C. Diabetic neuropathies damage peripheral nerves. Which component of the reflex arc is most likely to be da maged in Nick’s situation? I think a lot of Nicks reflex arc damage would begin at the sensory neuron.Stimuli are still triggering the receptor, but the information isn’t traveling along the damaged sensory neuron to continue the arc to the integrating centers, motor neurons, and effectors, though the damage could be further along in the reflex arc providing basically the same symptoms. D. Which division of the autonomic nervous system would be affected and would be causing Nick’s GI tract symptoms? Because his digestion is suppressed I would say the sympathetic division is mainly active, inhibiting the gastrointestinal tract.So the parasympathetic division of his nervous system, which allows motility of the gastrointestinal tract, is primarily affected. E. Nick’s light-headedness is caused by a condition known as orthostatic hypotension, a rapid drop in blood pressure upon standing up. Based on what you have learned so far, how does the autonomic nervous system control blood pressure? The hypothalamus connects the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the ANS by neurons in the brain and spinal cord and relay information.The posterior and lateral parts of the hypothalamus control the sympathetic division which constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure. The anterior and medial parts of the hypothalamus control the parasympathetic division which lowers blood pressure. F. After becoming comatose, Nick was sweating profusely, and had rapid heart and respiratory rates and elevated blood pressure. Which area of the brain interacts with the autonomous nervous system during physical stress to initiate these responses? The hypothalamus . G. Nick has digestive symptoms indicating reduced gastrointestinal mobility.What autonomic receptors regulate closing of sphincters and relaxation of organ walls? Pelvic splanchnic nerves. H. Why would the term polyneuropathy be appropriate for the symptoms that Nick was experiencing? Because h is symptoms indicate that several different nerves and neural pathways were damaged. I. What symptoms noted by Nicks primary care physician indicated a polyneuropathy? Knowing that Nick was struggling to manage his diabetes definitely sent a red flag, additionally vision problems, feet problems, and balance issues indicated polyneuropathy. J.Why are Nicks generalized symptoms more indicative of a peripheral polyneuropathy than a central nervous system lesion to the brain or spinal cord? Because certain individual signals aren’t being interpreted and responded to effectively. K. Which of Nick’s systems were related to somatic reflexes? Which were related to autonomic reflexes? Somatic reflex issues were indicated by the lack of response in reflex and when nick wasn’t able to resist much to pressure against his foot. Autonomic reflexes were suppressed when Nick was unable to digest food, and increased when his blood pressure went up.

Personnel Suicide Prevention among Junior Enlisted and...

One of the leading causes of death in the U.S. military today is suicide. According to an article written by Kristina Wong on ABC News, â€Å"More than 2000 of them [military personnel] have killed themselves in the past decade, including last year [2010] compared with 153 in 2001.† (Wong, 2011). The suicide rates vary from branch to branch, and most likely to occur in veterans and active duty members ranking from enlisted to officers. There are many stressors that play a big role as to why some military personnel commit or attempt suicide; some of these stressors are problems at home and at work, failed relationships within family members or fellow co-workers, financial problems, trauma effects of before and after deployment, alcohol and drug†¦show more content†¦(Hughes, Ginnett, Curphy, 2008). Having knowledge about every personnel in his or her division, and an interaction between the leader and the follower will make things go smoothly in the workplace and can h elp one identify strange, if there is any, actions or behaviors done an individual. Serving in the U.S. military is not always easy; in fact, being in the military is a very challenging job because a lot of effort, patience, and hard work are necessary in order to accomplish a mission. Each personnel in the military must also learn how to cope and adapt on whatever situation they are involved in. Unfortunately, not many personnel have the ability to handle everything that is being thrown at them while serving in the military; thus, resulting to risk factors such as stress, depression, alcohol and drug abuse, failed relationships, and poor working performance that can sometimes lead to suicide. To prevent such issue from occurring, future military officer have to provide trainings for all personnel in his or her division. Training that will help raise awareness on all the personnel regarding warning signs on an individual’s behavior, knowledge about symptoms of suicide, stress /depression management, alcohol/drug prevention, and most importantly, a training that will brieflyShow MoreRelatedEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesArmy Regulation 600–20 Personnel–General Army Command Policy Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 20 September 2012 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 18 March 2008 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 600–20 Army Command Policy This rapid action revision, dated 20 September 2012-o Updates policy for the administration of unit command climate surveys: adds requirement for personnel equivalent to company level commanders; updates timelines to withinRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 PagesSubstance Abuse Program ..................... 29 ACS - Army Community Service ........................... 32 ACES - Army Continuing Education Center ................... 34 AER - Army Emergency Relief ............................ 37 Army Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Program ........... 40 EO - Equal Opportunity ................................ 44 AFAP - Army Family Action Plan .......................... 48 ARC - Army Red Cross ................................. 50 Army Reenlistment / Retention ProgramRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesstylistic differences, what has not changed in several thousand years are the basic skills that lie at the heart of effective, satisfying, growth-producing human relationships. Freedom, dignity, trust, love, and honesty in relationships have always been among the goals of human beings, and the same principles that brought about those outcom es in the eleventh century still bring them about in the twenty-first century. Despite our circumstances, in other words, and despite the technological resources we haveRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesmajority were almost invariably lives of drudge labor in urban sweatshops, on tropical plantations, or on the wharves of an expansive, global export economy. Throughout the century, advances in human rights, which were spread ever more broadly among different social groups—including women, laborers, INTRODUCTION †¢ 3 ethnic minorities, and gays—made strides that were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, stateRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageseducation. In addition to this book, Jay has written several widely used engineering statistics texts and is currently working on a book in applied mathematical statistics. He is the recipient of a distinguished teaching award from Cal Poly and is a Fellow of the American Statistical Association. In his spare time, he enjoys reading, cooking and eating good food, tennis, and travel to faraway places. He is especially proud of his wife, Carol, a retired elementary school teacher, his daughter Allison

Feminist Poetry Movement of the 1960s

Feminist poetry is a movement that came to life during the 1960s, a decade when many writers challenged traditional notions of form and content. There is no defining moment when the feminist poetry movement began; rather, women wrote about their experiences and entered into a dialogue with readers over many years before the 1960s. Feminist poetry was influenced by social change, but also by poets such as Emily Dickinson, who lived decades earlier. Does feminist poetry mean poems written by feminists or poetry about feminist subject matter? Must it be both? And who can write feminist poetry—feminists? Women? Men? There are many questions, but generally, feminist poets have a connection to feminism as a political movement. During the 1960s, many poets in the United States explored increased social awareness and self-realization. This included feminists, who claimed their place in society, poetry and political discourse. As a movement, feminist poetry is usually thought of as reaching a greater apex during the 1970s: Feminist poets were prolific and they began to achieve major critical acclaim, including several Pulitzer Prizes. On the other hand, many poets and critics suggest that feminists and their poetry have often been relegated to second place (to men) in the poetry establishment. Prominent Feminist Poets Maya Angelou: This incredibly prolific and powerful woman is one of the most well-known feminist poets, though she hasn’t always fallen in line with the cause. â€Å"The sadness of the women’s movement is that they don’t allow the necessity of love,† she wrote. â€Å"See, I don’t personally trust any revolution where love is not allowed.† Her poetry has often been praised for its depictions of black beauty, female women, and the human spirit. Her book Just Give Me a Cool Drink of Water fore I Diiie, published in 1971, was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in 1972. Angelou received the Literarian Award in 2013, an honorary National Book Award for contributions to the literary community. She died at the age of 86 in 2014.Maxine Kumin: Kumin’s career spanned more than 50 years and she won the Pulitzer Prize, the Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize, and an American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award. Her poetry is deeply connected to her nat ive New England, and she was often called a regional pastoral poet.Denise Levertov: Levertov wrote and published 24 books of poetry. Her subjects reflected her beliefs as an artist and a humanist and her themes embraced nature lyrics, protest poetry, love poems and poetry inspired by her faith in God.Audre Lorde: Lorde described herself as a â€Å"black, lesbian, mother, warrior, poet.† Her poetry confronts the injustices of racism, sexism, and homophobia.Adrienne Rich: Richs poetry and essays spanned seven decades and her writing tackled issues of identity, sexuality and politics and her continued search for social justice, her role in the anti-war movement, and exploring her radical feminism.Muriel Rukeyser: Rukeyser was an American poet and political activist; she is best known for her poems about equality, feminism, social justice, and Judaism.

a guide to mysql ch 7 Essay - 1277 Words

CIS 331 – Database Management Using SQL Week 6 Homework - Due: Week 7 Name  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ 1. Review Questions – page 207 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7) Questions 1 - 19 (type out the answers) 2. Premier Products – pages 207 - 209 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7) Exercises 1 – 9 (create in MySQL) Except where indicated, use MySQL Query Browser to perform each operation and print the results. 3. Henry Books – pages 209 (A Guide to MySQL – Chapter 7) Exercises 1 – 9 (create in MySQL) Except where indicated, use MySQL Query Browser to perform each operation and print the results. Estimated Completion Time: ___________ Comments: _______________________________ Lab Assignment Grade:†¦show more content†¦NUM = ORDER_LINE.ORDER_NUM AND PRICE 100; +----------+----------------+-----------+--------------+ | PART_NUM | DESCRIPTION | ORDER_NUM | QUOTED_PRICE | +----------+----------------+-----------+--------------+ | DR93 | Gas Range | 21610 | 495.00 | | DW11 | Washer | 21610 | 399.99 | | KL62 | Dryer | 21613 | 329.95 | | KT03 | Dishwasher | 21614 | 595.00 | | BV06 | Home Gym | 21617 | 794.95 | | CD52 | Microwave Oven | 21617 | 150.00 | | DR93 | Gas Range | 21619 | 495.00 | | KV29 | Treadmill | 21623 | 1290.00 | +----------+----------------+-----------+--------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql CREATE VIEW ORDER_TOTAL AS - SELECT ORDERS.ORDER_NUM, SUM(NUM_ORDERED * QUOTED_PRICE) AS TOTAL_AMOUNT FROM ORDERS, ORDER_LINE WHERE ORDERS.ORDER_NUM = ORDER_LINE.ORDER_NUM GROUP BY ORDERS.ORDER_NUM - ORDER BY ORDER_NUM; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql SELECT ORDER_NUM, TOTAL_AMOUNT FROM ORDER_TOTAL WHERE TOTAL_AMOUNT 1000; +-----------+--------------+ | ORDER_NUM | TOTAL_AMOUNT | +-----------+--------------+ | 21613 | 1319.80 | | 21614 | 1190.00 | | 21617 | 1589.90 | | 21623 | 2580.00 | +-----------+--------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql SELECT ORDERS.ORDER_NUM, SUM(NUM_ORDERED * QUOTED_PRICE) AS T.TOTAL_AMOUNT FROMShow MoreRelatedNet Sec Essay11858 Words   |  48 Pagesaddresses Quick Scan- Provides a fast scan limiting the number of TCP ports scanned only the top 100 most common TCP ports Regular Scan-This is the default scan by issuing TCP SYN scans for the most common 1000 TCP ports using pings for host detection. 7. How many different tests (i.e., scripts) did your â€Å"Intense Scan† definition perform? List them all after reviewing the scan report. The Intense Scan initiated 36 Scripts. The scripts can be found at http://nmap.org/nsedoc/ 8. Describe what eachRead MoreDhl Marketing Mix22718 Words   |  91 Pages...................................................................................................................... 5 Mission and Vision Statements ................................................................................................ 7 Current Market ......................................................................................................................... 8 Measures of Performance.....................................................................................

Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 and its impact on Glo Essay Example For Students

Fossil Fuel Consumption, CO2 and its impact on Glo Essay bal ClimateBackground:At the beginning of human history, we had to satisfy our energy needs (for food, heat and movement) by using our own muscle power and gathering or hunting naturally available plants, animals and wood. Each stage in the evolution of human society (the development of farming, domestication of animals, harnessing of wind and water power) increased the average per capita energy use, but it was the Industrial Revolution and the exploitation of fossil fuels which marked the transformation of societies into the energy-intensive economies of today. Since the eighteenth century the industrialising countries have come to rely on non-renewable energy resources, and at present about 80 per cent (Myers, 1994) of the worlds commercial energy is derived from oil, coal and gas. Although it has been observed that the growth of energy consumption is closely correlated with the increases in gross national product thus our economic development, the major sources of energy (that is fossil fuels) are stock resources. Fossil fuels are consumed by use and the current consumption patterns are non-sustainable. It is recognised that energy conservation and the development of renewable energy sources will be needed to sustain economic growth. The quantity of ultimately recoverable fossil fuels is limited by geology and remains a matter of suspicion, but the view of the 1970s that scarcity was imminent is still popular. It is the 1973 Oil Crisis marked the transition from abundant, low-cost energy to an era of increasing prices and scarcity. Today concerns over scarcity have been overtaken by the question of whether human beings can afford to meet the environmental costs of continued fossil fuel consumption. One of the most widespread concern related to global climatic changes. Introduction:Climate represents normal weather condition of an area over a period of many years. This is in contrast to weather which is the day to day changes in the atmosphere. It is now realised that our global climatic normals had fluctuated in the past millions of years which was nowhere related to human activities. Nevertheless, with the increasing human population and our reliance on fossil fuels since the last century, we have definitely participated in the climatic changes which are taking place to a certain extent. Since the Stockholm Conference in 1972, more and more attentions have been drawn to the issue of global warming, which is the increase in global temperature caused by the atmospheric greenhouse effect. We have greenhouse effect because some trace components of our atmosphere re-absorb and retain certain wavelengths of heat radiated from the Earths surface, and the burning of fossil fuels have increased the tropospheric concentration of all of these compounds, especially carbon dioxide # (CO2). The Greenhouse Gas CO2: A Product of Fossil Fuel Consumption:Pollution of the atmosphere from the consumption of fossil fuels has many effects. Perhaps the best know are modifications that have led to changes in carbon dioxide. In some ways carbon dioxide cannot be classified as an air pollutant as it is reasonably abundant in the natural atmosphere (0.03%), and it is a basic product of all fossil fuel consumption. Although the chemical reaction in combustion of fossil fuels is not always simple, it can be summarised as the release of the carbon combined with atmospheric oxygen atoms to form carbon dioxide. This process is often referred as respiration, such that:C6H12O6 + 6O2 + heat 6CO2 + 6H2OHere, we see that carbon dioxide is not an impurity, as a matter of fact, life on the earth is somehow depending on this gas, either directly through photosynthesis (plants) or indirectly via the food-chain (animals). Nevertheless, this gas plays an important role in the heat balance of the earth, because of its distinctive heat-storage properties. IMPORTANT TERMS EssayConclusion:Although there are still many problems regarding the relationship of carbon dioxide and global climatic changes and even global warming itself, there is little question that climate (temperature) and CO2 are inextricablely linked (from the ice-core studies) and the temperature of the earth has been increasing over the last decade. More on that, it is a fact that the burning of fossil fuels do release infrared-absorbing carbon dioxide to our atmosphere. Therefore, it is just a logical conclusion that the greenhouse is here, as it always does. It appears that there is excessive heating within the greenhouse which is induced by our increasing rate of fossil fuel consumption, and the problems that lies behind global climatic change are far reaching . Perhaps, the real limit to our fossil fuel consumption will be the CO2 problem but not the size of the resource. A Chinese proverb says that prevention is better than cure. Approaches to energy conservation could be the key. Bibliography:Benarde, M. A., 1992, Global Warning Global Warming, John Wiley ; Sons, Inc., 52-65. Goudie, A., 1994, The Human Impact on the Natural Environment, Cambridge: The MIT Press, 301-7. Kraushaar, J. J. ; Ristinen, R. A., Energy and Problems of a Technical Society, John Wiley ; Sons, Inc., 394-400. Myers, N., 1994, The Gaia Atlas of Planet Management, London: Gaia Books Limited, 96-113. Tolba, M. K., 1992, The World Environment 1972-1992, London: Chapman ; Hall, 61-71.

WeChat Users Motivation, Satisfaction and Loyalty

Introduction The introduction of the internet has greatly changed many aspects of people’s life, including the way individuals communicate and interact nowadays (Nimrod 2015).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on WeChat Users’ Motivation, Satisfaction and Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Such change has been instigated by the availability of numerous social media platforms through which people can communicate easily with one another, such as the Instant Messaging (Pun 2015). Instant messaging is a communication tool that allows users to enjoy instant transmission of text messages via the internet. Due to its effectiveness, the Instant Messaging tool has become popular among internet users. WeChat is an example of IM service that was introduced to the market in 2011 by the Tencent Holdings (Laaksonen, Jarimo Kulmata 2009). The WeChat service has become so common not only in China, but also in more than 200 other countries (Swan 2002). Most of the users of WeChat are the young generations since it offers a reliable platform through which they can share information on the go with many people. In addition, WeChat is increasingly used by marketers to communicate about a given product or services to their clients. According to a report released by Statistica, there is a growing popularity of WeChat in China nowadays. Even though there are numerous studies on Instant Messaging services in the West, very limited studies are available in the East, especially about its impact on consumers in China. Such limited studies are attributed to the fact that China has strict control of internet based services. For this reason, a study to examine the popularity of WeChat in China amidst such circumstances will be of high significance to both the industry and academic contexts. This study will seek to provide an overview of WeChat users’ motivation, satisfaction and loyalty with a s pecific focus on the case of China. Significance of the Study The advancement in technology has provided enough platforms through which people have improved the level of connectivity and interaction among one another (Mao 2014). The service has become very important in China as it enables effective computer-mediated communications among many users (Raacke Bonds-Raacke 2008). Liu, Chen and Wei (2015) attributed such a trend to the increased need for social media platforms among marketers since such platforms are able to reach a wide range of consumers.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The choice of this topic was informed by the fact that most other social media platforms in China, such as Facebook and Twitter, are blocked based on the China’s internet censorship policy (Lin Lu 2011). For this reason, there is a need for a study that would highlight the reasons beh ind increased use of WeChat among Chinese people (Ko, Cho Roberts 2005). The results from this study would be of interests to academics and marketers. Aims and Objectives of the study The study will have several aims and objectives to achieve. Aims To investigate WeChat users’ motivation, satisfaction and loyalty, as well as explore the relationship between motivation, satisfaction and loyalty. Analyzing the development trend of WeChat in the future and how it is likely to influence marketing of different products. Objectives To review the research topic from existing literature To investigate the role of users’ loyalty, motivation and satisfaction in the use of WeChat in China in order to understand reasons behind its popularity while most other social media platforms have been blocked in China. Hypothesis From the above aims and objectives, the study will be based on the following hypothesis. H1: Motivation has a positive impact on WeChat users’ level of satisfaction. H2: Motivation has a positive impact on WeChat users’ loyalty. H3: Satisfaction has a positive impact on WeChat users’ loyalty Literature Review Motivation Just like in the case of any other media platforms, users of WeChat ought to have a positive attitude and the desired motivation for them to continue with the use of the platform (Koermer McCroskey 2006). Often, many people are psychologically motivated to use social media. Previous research on the issue indicated that studies on social media mainly focus on the examination of what motivates the users to adopt a social media platform (Junfeng, Zhimei Changshou 2014).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on WeChat Users’ Motivation, Satisfaction and Loyalty specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an effort to understand the psychological motivators of WeChat users, this study focuses on Uses and Gratification (UG) theory. It may be applied in various areas including both the traditional and the modern media of communication such as newspapers and the internet. The development of the UG theory was based on the psychological and social origins of needs (Luo 2002). It is one of the most influential theories in the media research. It takes into consideration the fact that users of social media are active when they know what exactly motivates them. It also explains that people have their main reasons for choosing a specific media such as to ensure the satisfaction of their psychological needs. The Uses and Gratification theory is useful when it comes to establishing the factors that explain different behaviors of customers. The gained attitude may be defined as the summative evaluation by an individual, which may be positive or negative, or the characteristic they know about WeChat. Attitudes develop over a period of time when they are learned and experienced (Reisinger 2003). They thus determine if the consumers w ill like or dislike the products or services. The strength of the attitudes however, differs from one individual to the other. From the perspective of the marketers, they can use communication to change the attitudes of customers which are otherwise hard to change (Yang Yoo 2004). Such communication may involve the use of advertisements or ensure the gratification of their psychological needs and expectations. The growth and development of information technology has led to globalization, which comes with high need to interact, stimulating the rapid growth in the use of internet (Zelizer 2011). It is such growth that has led to the replacement of the traditional methods of communication. Internet use has become common among many people due to the fact that it is entertaining, provides reliable information, and offers room for social interaction. Suh and Han (2003) indicated that the provision of information and entertainment are some of the factors that improve the motivation levels of customers.Advertising Looking for proposal on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Chang and Zhu (2011), factors such as the ability to meet new friends, provision of information, and conformity have similar impact of providing positive effects on both the users and the marketers. However, the motivation provided by entertainment has a considerable positive impact on the attitude of both pre-adopters and post-adopters (Gremler, Gwinner Brown 2001). Due to the differences of culture and social life, different countries have different attitudes towards the adoption of social media. In China, a study by Chang and Zhu (2011) indicated that social gratification of users is obtained when their psychological needs are met, helping them gain a positive attitude towards the social media. Loyalty Loyalty in any product or service can be measured by assessing the trust an individual has for the concerned product and/or service. The most adopted definition of trust is that it is exhibited when there is a high degree of confidence among different entities. Such c onfidence encourages the exchange of integrity and reliability among the partners. From the definition, gaining confidence, reliability, and integrity over one another is really significant to conceptualize trust and hence customer loyalty. Due to the gained trust, customers tend to support service providers who they trust. The trust and loyalty, in this case could be experienced from different perspective; intra-organizational and interpersonal. In the case of this study, the emphasis will be on establishing the possibility of intra-organizational type of trust. It also examines the degree of trust WeChat users have with their services. Trust is essential because it helps in reducing insecurity and cognitive risks, thus encouraging long-term relationships to grow between the users and the service providers (Mato Rossi 2008). The establishment of trust thus brings positive impacts with respect to the willingness of customers to use word of mouth communication, as well as their inte ntion to use social networking sites (Chu Choi 2011). Satisfaction Satisfaction is defined as the sense of fulfillment users of a particular product and/or service have. According to Suh and Han (2003) trust is one of the key determinants of the attitudes consumers have on social media. As a result of trust in a given service, users develop some degree of satisfaction. Correa, Hinsley and de Zuniga (2010) argued that satisfaction from the use of online forums has a positive impact on the attitude of the users. In a study conducted by Shin (2010) on privacy, trust, and satisfaction concerns consumers have on the use of social networking sites, it was evident that satisfaction significantly determines the duration an individual uses a particular social media platform. The level of user satisfaction also determines the rate at which users recommend a particular social media to family and friends. Often, word of mouth communication (WOM), though is informal can be used in such recommen dations (Maxham 2001).. Methodology and Research Design Introduction Research design refers to the systematic process through which a researcher is able to collect and analyze data in a logical manner for purposes of achieving the research aims and objectives (Mitchell Jolly 2010). There are various examples of study designs including explorative, experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive researches (Gratton Jones 2004). On the other hand, research methodology involves the processes and techniques that a researcher uses to collect and analyze data for a particular research problem (Kothari 2005). In the methodology chapter, the focus will be on the research methodologies, as well as the research design employed. As such, the chapter will present the methods of collecting and analyzing data, research design used, sampling techniques, sample frame and sample size, as well as the target population. Research Designs The research on WeChat user’s motivation, satisfaction an d loyalty will focus on what the service has achieved, and its significance among users. In addition, the study will rely on quantitative data. This will be supplemented by a survey to establish the opinion of different users of WeChat. As such, the research will employ the quantitative research design to collect data from different sources. Target Population In a study, the target population refers to the total number of people or units from which a study hopes to collect information (Denzin Lincoln 2008). The study on WeChat users’ motivation, satisfaction and loyalty targets students in The University of Hong Kong, China. Sampling Design A sample refers to a section of the target population (Denk 2010). Using appropriate sampling techniques ensures that a representative sample is used. A sampling design takes into consideration the sample size, sampling techniques and the sampling frame (Neumann 2007). This research will use random sampling technique to achieve a sample s ize of 300 users. Reliability and validity The reliability of the research will be achieved by using credible sources of data such as journals and books. Validity, on the other hand will be achieved by collecting related to same time period which ensured that the degree of external validity was achieved. Hence, the results obtained could be generalized. Data Collection and analysis Methods The research aims at analyzing the motivation, satisfaction and loyalty among WeChat users. Both primary and secondary sources of data will be used to provide the necessary information about WeChat. After the collecting data, different methods of data analysis will be used including Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and MS Excel. The SPSS analysis will be used to ascertain the possibility of any relationship between the variables under investigation and the MS Excel will be used to analyze the result. Ethical considerations The study will seek permission from the relevant authorit ies before carrying out the actual study. In addition, the results from the study will be kept anonymous. References Chang, Y Zhu, D 2011, ‘Understanding social networking sites adoption in China: A comparison of pre-adoption and post-adoption’, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1840–1848. Chu, S Choi, S 2011, ‘Electronic word-of-mouth in social networking site: A cross-cultural study of the United States and China’, Journal of Global Marketing, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 263–281. Correa, T, Hinsley, A de Zuniga, H 2010, ‘Who interacts on the web? The interaction of users’ personality and social media use’, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 247–253. Creswell, J 2009, Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and Mixed methods approaches, Thousand oaks, CA: Sage. Denk, T 2010, ‘Comparative multilevel analysis: proposal for a methodology’, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, vol.13, no.1, pp. 29-39. Denzin, N Lincoln, Y 2008, Colllecting and interpreting qualitative materials, Malden, MA: Blackwell. Gratton, C Jones, I 2004, Research methods for sport studies, Psychology Press, Chicago. Gremler, D, Gwinner, K Brown, S 2001, ‘Generating positive word-of mouth communication through customer–employee relationship’, International Journal of Service Industry Management, vol. 12, no. 1, 44–59. Junfeng, Z, Zhimei, L Changshou, L 2014, ‘Research on the development and preliminary application of 12396 new rural sci-tech service hotline WeChat public platform’, TOAUTOCJ, vol. 6, no. 1, pp.839-843. Ko, H, Cho, C Roberts, M 2005, ‘Internet uses and gratifications: A structural equation model of interactive advertising’, Journal of Advertising, vol. 34, no. 2, pp.57–70. Koermer, C McCroskey, L 2006, ‘Sociality Communication: Its influence on customer loyalty with the service provid er and service organization’, Communication Quarterly, vol. 54, no. 1, pp.53-65. Kothari, C 2005, ‘Contemporary methods of quantitative data collection and analysis in literacy research’, Reading Research Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 1, pp.94-112. Laaksonen, T, Jarimo, T Kulmata, H 2009, ‘Cooperative strategies in customer–supplier relationships: The role of inter-firm trust’, International Journal of Production Economics, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 79–87. Lin, K Lu, H 2011, ‘Why people use social networking sites: An empirical study integrating network externalities and motivation theory’, Computers in Human Behavior, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1152–1161. Liu, C, Chen, T Wei, Y 2015, ‘Research of the trait and quality on emergency WeChat platform based on service framework and quality gap’, TOCSJ, vol. 9, no. 1, pp.1002-1007. Luo, X 2002, ‘Uses and gratifications theory and e-consumer behaviors: A structural equa tion modeling study’, Journal of Interactive Advertising, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 34–41. Mao, C 2014, ‘Friends and relaxation: Key factors of undergraduate students’ use of WeChat’, Creative Education, vol. 05, no. 08, pp.636-640. Matos, C Rossi, C 2008, ‘Word-of-mouth communications in marketing: A meta-analytic review of the antecedents and moderators’, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 578–596. Maxham, J 2001, ‘Service recovery’s influence on consumer satisfaction, positive word-of-mouth, and purchase intentions’, Journal of Business Research, vol. 54, no.1, pp. 11–24. Mitchell, M Jolly, J 2010, Research design explained, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Neumann, W 2007, Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, London: Allyn Bacon. Nimrod, G 2015, ‘The hierarchy of mobile phone incorporation among older users’, Mobile Media Communication, vol . 3, no. 1, pp. 23-34 Pun, R 2015, ‘WeChat in the library: promoting a new virtual reference service using a mobile app’, Library Hi Tech News, vol. 32, no. 6, pp.9-11. Raacke, J Bonds-Raacke, J 2008, ‘MySpace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking site’, Cyber Psychology Behavior, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 169–174. Reisinger, M 2003, ‘Platform Competition for Advertisers and Users in Media Markets’, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 13–16. Shin, D 2010, ‘The effects of trust, security, and privacy in social networking: A security-based approach to understand the pattern of adoption’, Interacting with Computers, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 428–438. Suh, B Han, I 2003, ‘The impact of customer trust and perception of security control on the acceptance of electronic commerce’, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 135–1 61. Swan, S 2002, ‘Rhetoric, Service, and Social Justice’, Written Communication, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 76-108. Yang, H Yoo, Y 2004, ‘It’s all about attitude: Revisiting the technology acceptance model’, Decision Support System, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 19–31. Zelizer, B 2011, ‘Journalism in the Service of Communication’, Journal of Communication, vol. 61, no. 1, pp.1-21. This proposal on WeChat Users’ Motivation, Satisfaction and Loyalty was written and submitted by user Spencer L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.